IBM’s 1990s Wake-Up Call: When Efficiency Wasn’t Optional
IBM didn’t survive the early 1990s by holding more meetings or printing a prettier strategy deck. It survived by confronting ugly numbers, cutting through internal drag, and re-engineering how work actually flowed. This article breaks down the stakes IBM faced, the efficiency moves that mattered, and the hard operational questions most companies avoid. If your business is stuck in “busy” mode, this is your wake-up call, minus the multi-billion-dollar loss.
